Tensioning device is one of the main components of belt conveyer, which mainly provides tension forces for the normal operation of belt conveyor. The belt tension is to ensure the minimum point of tension and the permanent elongation compensation of the conveyor belt. Therefore, the selection of appropriate design of belt tensioning device is the key to design the belt conveyor. There are three kinds of tensioning devices: the screw type, vehicle type and vertical type. During the following paragraphs, the advantages, disadvantages and the applications of the three tensioning devices will be introduced:
The Spiral tensioning device is installed in the tail wheel of belt conveyor, so that the tail wheel will displace and tension the conveyor belt by adjusting the screw. It is generally used for belt conveyor with less than 60 meters length and smaller power. The advantages of spiral tensioning device are simple operation, compact structure and small occupied space. The disadvantages include the adjustment of the belt tension cannot be controlled automatically, and the tension is not easy to control. In addition, it is not appropriate to set automatic scale on the conveyor belt. For the important belt conveyor, the spiral tension device should not be used.
Vehicle type tensioning device of the belt conveyor is that the tail wheel is mounted on a moving vehicle. The reversing pulley is connected by wire rope, and it is respectively connected to mobile vehicles and heavy hammer, by the effect of gravity, the hammer will cause automatic tension of conveyor belt. Practice has proved that it is appropriate to take great value of the effective stroke. Vehicle type tensioning device has a wide range of applictions, which is not affected by the length of the belt conveyor. The conveyor belt tension can be adjusted automatically, which has simple operation and reliable structure, so the design of tensioning device should give priority to the use of the vehicle type.
Vertical type tension device is arranged between the drive roller and the tail wheel, it should be as close as possible to the conveyor belt tension at the smallest point (drum). When the belt conveyor is starting, the weight tensioning effect is quick and good. Vertical tensioning device is suitable for the vehicle type tensioning device which has a difficult situation. Its advantage is the use of the space length of belt conveyor, which is convenient to arrange. Its defect is the materials are easy to fall into the conveyor belt and the roller, which may accelerate the wear of conveyer belt and the roller surface. Especially when transporting wet or high viscosity materials, the wear phenomenon is more serious.
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